Scientific theories and the practice of their application. Part Seven

V. K. Bykhovsky suggests something similar to such a mechanism in the molecules of living beings. He writes about a hypothetical "bion" — a molecule consisting of basic elements: an electron shell on the outside, and two structural frameworks inside, similar to a lattice of crystals. One frame is movable and pliable, made of hydrogen nuclei. The other is rigid, durable, and stable, made of a metal ion and a molecule. The electron shell performs, roughly speaking, the functions of radiation belts and the atmosphere, the soft frame performs the functions of living matter and the hydrosphere, and the hard shell performs the functions of the lithosphere. Under chaotic, disordered influences, the bion remains stable and practically unchanged. But with directed, ordered (coherent) external influences, which is equivalent to information entering the bion, the memory mechanism of this cell begins to operate. First of all, the electronic shell responds to such an effect. Its changes (which quickly disappear when the external force is removed) are transmitted to the soft frame, deforming it. And he, in turn, leaves an indelible mark on the rigid frame. And this trace can be stored for centuries. In this way, the bion adapts to directional changes in the external environment and remembers them. Of course, it is questionable to explain problematic nominations with hypothetical bions. What is encouraging here is the complete independence of these two ideas, given their certain kinship. In both hypotheses, special importance is attached to directed external influences, memory mechanisms, and the degree of order in the living environment. And the well-known analogy of the structure of the bion and the biosphere is probably not accidental and reflects some kind of unity of life at both the micro and macro levels.


Evolutionary geology. Charles Darwin used the factual material of the then sociology (Malthus) and the evolutionary ideas of geology (Charles Lyell) to build his theory of biological evolution. And now there is a science that studies the development of biological systems, evolutionary biology. However, there is no evolutionary geology, although almost all geological sciences are historical, imbued with the idea of the constant variability of any natural objects. Scientists identify the stages of development of mountains and lowlands, river valleys and lakes, the appearance of deposits and the destruction of rocks, precipitation from mineral solutions and chemical transformations of geospheres. It would seem that it is high time to explore the general laws and interrelationships of the development of various geological systems. By the way, geologists very rarely write about progressive and regressive changes, about the acquisition or loss of complexity, about the accumulation or expenditure of energy. Almost nothing is known about the interdependence of the evolution of biological and geological systems, although there is paleoecology, the science of the relationship of living organisms with the environment in the geological past. Similarly, there is geochronology, the name of which exposes its direct relation to the problem of geological time. But try to find out what lies behind the concept of "geological time", what are the characteristic features and properties of this substance, how ideas about geological time have changed in science, etc. Such questions are not raised in geochronology. Moreover, geochronology, devoted almost exclusively to the study of geological clocks, avoids theoretical studies of the problems of synchronicity of different clocks, simultaneity, relativity and uncertainty in geology. But without developing these issues, it is hardly possible to create any kind of complete evolutionary geological theory. Apparently, the application of information theory and systems theory, concepts of complexity and order in geology should lead to new classifications of minerals, rocks, facies, and geological structures. It is still difficult to judge what results such classifications will lead to. One thing is clear: It will not just be a translation of geological ideas into the language of mathematical sciences and cybernetics. New correspondences and patterns of evolution of the living and inert matter of the planet should be discovered, which will allow geology to rise to a higher theoretical level. Commencer sur une plateforme de paris avec un capital renforcé change toute l’expérience de jeu. Les bonus bien conçus offrent un avantage réel aux nouveaux membres. Au milieu des promotions les plus intéressantes figure le code promo 1xbet aujourd'hui particulièrement recommandé. En l’utilisant lors de votre inscription, vous obtenez jusqu’à 130 € de bonus sur votre premier dépôt. Ce bonus vous ouvre les portes vers une large gamme d’événements sportifs.

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